转速和角速度的关系,轴的转速和角速度的关系

1年前 (2024-04-23)

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高中物理知识点摘要

首先,点(1)的质量------线性运动  1)均匀改变线路运动  1.平均速度V扁平= S / T(定义)2。有用的推理VT2-VO2 = 2次  3.中间时间VT / 2 = V Flat =(VT + VO)/ 2 4.光速Vt = VO + AT  5.中间位置Vs / 2 = [(VO2 + VT2)/ 2] 1/2 6.位移S = V FLAT T = VOT + AT2 / 2 = VT / 2T  7.接受a =(vt-vo)/ t {在VO,A和VO相干(加速)A> 0中是正的;反向,AF2)  2.相互角度成:  F =(F12 + F22 + 2F1F2COS] 1/2(余弦定理)F1⊥F2:F =(F12 + F22)1/2  3.沉积物尺寸范围:| F1-F2 | ≤F≤| F1 + F2 |  4.强制正交划分FX =FCOSβ,FY =FSINβ(β是角度TGβ=协同作用和X轴之间的FY / FX)  笔记:  (1)武力(载体)的成和分解,然后是平行化;  (2)协同作用与权力之间的关系是一种等同的替代关系,并且还建立了组替代力的共同作用;  (3)除公式外,它也可以用作图形解决方案。此时,选择刻度,并且该图是严格移动的;  (4)当F1和F2的值固定时,F1和F2的角度(α角)越大,协同作用越小;  (5)成相同的直线,可以沿直线的方向,以及指示力的力的方向,简化代数操作。  四,动态(运动和力量)  1.牛顿的个运动法(惯性法):物体是惯性,始终保持移动状态或静止状态,直到强制外力改变这种状态。  2.牛顿第二议案法:F Hexi = MA或A = F HE / MA {由最前沿确定,以确定最前沿的方向。  3.牛顿的第三次练习:f = -f'{否定指示方向,f,f'每个行为在另一方,平衡强度和对抗力差的动作,实际应用:反冲洗}  4.零点力的平衡是= 0,促进{正交分解方法,三个电源对话原则}  5.超重:Fn> G,减肥:FNR}  3.强制振动频率特性:F = F驱动力  4.共振条件:F驱动力= F固体,a =,谐振预防和应用[查看本书P175]  5.机械波,水平波,纵波[见第二卷P2]  6.波速V = S / T =λf=λ/ t {波传播过程,一个周期传播波长前进;波速度大小由介质本身确定  7.波速(空气中)0°C:332m / s; 20°C:344米/秒; 30°C:349米/秒; (声波是纵向的)  8.显然波浪的衍射(波什过障碍物或孔继续传播)条件:障碍物或孔小于波长,或者不同  9.波浪的干扰条件:两排频率相同(相位差是恒定的,幅度相似,振动方向相同)  10.多普勒效应:由于波源和观察者之间的相互运动,波源发射频率与接收频率不同{彼此接近,接收频率增加,并且反应减少了[看到第二个Book P21]}  笔记:  (1)对象的固有频率与振幅和驱动力无关,具体取决于振动系统本身;  (2)加强该地区是峰值和峰值或山谷以及调速器的间隙,弱化区是峰值和槽。  (3)波只传播振动,介质本身不会迁移,这是一种传播能量的方式;  (4)干扰和衍射是波特;  (5)振动图像和波浪图像;  (6)其他相关内容:超声及其应用[参见第二体积的P22] /振动的能量转换[见个P173]。  6.改进和动量(对象压力和动量的变化)  1.动量:P = MV {P:动量(kg / s),m:质量(kg),v:速度(m / s),方向和速度方向  3.实施:i = ft {i:改进(n?s),f:恒定力(n),t:强制时间,方向由f}  4. MIMUS定理:i =ΔP或FT = MVT-MVO {ΔP:动量变化ΔP= MVT-MVO,是矢量类型}  5.动机保:P-Total总= P帖子或P = P'也可以是M1V1 + M2V2 = M1V1'+ M2V2'  6.弹性碰撞:ΔP= 0; Δek= 0 {系统的动量和动能是保守的}  7.非弹性碰撞ΔP= 0;00  (6)物体的内部能量是指物体的所有分子动能和分子势能的总和,并且对于理想的气体分子,分子势能为零。  (7)R0是分子处于平衡状态时分子之间的距离;  (8)其他相关内容:可以转换和固定常数定律[参见第二卷P41] /能量开发和利用,环境保护[参见P47的第二卷] /物体的内部能量,分子动能,分子潜力能量[参见第二卷P47]。  九,天然气性质  1.燃气状态参数:  温度:宏  热力学温度和摄氏温度关系:T = T + 273 {T:热力学温度(k),T:摄氏温度(°C)}  体积V:气体分子可以占用的空间,单位转换:1m 3 = 103L = 106ml  压力P:在单位面积上,大量的气体分子经常击中壁并产生连续,均匀的压力,标准大气压:1ATM = 1.013×105Pa = 76cmHg(1Pa = 1 n / m2)  2.气体分子锻炼的特征:分子间隙很大;除了即时碰撞之外,互动较弱;分子运动率非常大。  3.理想气体的状态方程:P1V1 / T1 = P2V2 / T2 {PV / T =恒定量,T是热力学温度(k)}  笔记:  (1)理想气体的内部能量与理想气体的尺寸有关,与温度和物质的量有关;  (2)公式3建立条件是具有一定质量的理想气体。使用配方时,注意温度单位,T是摄氏温度(°C),但T是热力学温度(K)。  十,电场  1.两次收费,收费,元收费:( e = 1.60×10-19c);电荷等于金属电荷的整数倍数  2.库仑法:F = KQ1Q2 / R2(真空){F:总功率(N),K:静电常数K = 9.0×109N? M2 / C2,Q1,Q2:两个点充电电源(c),R:距离(m)在双点电荷,方向,力和反作用力之间,相同的电荷被排出,并且异种移植物是彼此吸引。  3.电场强度:E = F / Q(定义,计算的公式){E:电场强度(N / C)为载体(电场叠加原理),Q:测试电荷(c)}的电荷  4.真空点(源)电荷形成电场E = KQ / R2 {R:与该位置的距离(m),q:源的电源}  5.场强E = UAB / D {UAB:电压(V),D:AB处于现场方向(M)}的方向}  6.电场功率:F = QE {F:电动飞行功率(N),Q:电力(C),E:电场强度(N / C)}  7.潜在和潜在差异:UAB =φA-φB,UAB = WAB / Q =-ΔEAb/ q  8.电场功率工作:WAB = QUAB = EQD {WAB:由A到B(j)的电场力制造的电力,q:power(c),UAb:utab:uterati a,b电位差(V)(电场功率与路径无关),E:均匀电场强度,D:距离两个点的强大方向的距离(m)}  9.势能:EA =Qφa{EA:点A(j),q:电力(c),φa:点电位(v)}的充电器电位能量  10.势能的变化ΔEab= EB-EA {电场中的相位差从位置到B位置}  11.电场功率和电位能量变化ΔAb= -Wab = - quab(势能增加等于电场功率的负功率)  12.电容器C = Q / U(定义,计算){C:电容器(F),Q:电力(C),U:电压(扭曲板电位差)(V)}  13.电容器电容C =εs/4πkd(S:扭转距离,D:双模板之间的距离距离,ω:介电常数)  通用电容器[参见第二本书P111]  14.电场中的带电粒子的加速度(VO = 0):w =Δek或qu = mvt2 / 2,vt =(2qu / m)1/2  15.带电粒子在垂直电场方向上的偏转(不考虑重力效应)  太平洋垂直电场方向:均匀的线性运动L = VOT(在平行板面板中具有相等的异构充电:E = U / D)  投掷和移动平行电场方向:精英加速度线运动D = AT2 / 2,a = f / m = qe / m  笔记:  (1)当两个完全相同的带电金属球体时,配电正常:原始皮带叶移植的主要和后调解,原装总量相同;  (2)电场从正电荷终止,电场没有相交,切线是场的方向,电场线很强,电场较高,电场线较低是垂直的。 ;  (3)频繁的电场分布需要熟悉(见图2 P98];  (4)电场强度(矢量)和电位(标量)由电场本身确定,而电场强度和电位也可以与带电体带的电荷有关;  (5)在静电平衡导体中是相等的潜在主体,表面是等点表面,导体外表面附近的电场线垂直于导体的表面,导体的内部组为零,并且导体内没有净电荷,净充电仅在导体中分布。外表面;  (6)电容器单元转换:1F =106μF= 1012PF;  (7)电子伏(EV)是能量单位,1 EV = 1.60×10-19J;  (8)其他相关内容:静电屏蔽[参见第二卷P101] /振荡器,示波器及其应用[参见第二册P114]等于表面[请参见第二本书P105]。  十一,恒定的电流  1.电流强度:i = q / t {i:电流强度(a),q:通过导体的电量(c)在时间t:时间(s)}  2.欧姆法:I = U / R {I:电流电流强度(A),U:末端电压(V),R:导体值(Ω)}  3.电阻,抵抗法:r =ρl/ s {ρ:导体(m),s:导体横截面(m2)}的电阻率(ω≤m),l:长度(m)  4.闭路欧姆法:I = E /(R + R)或E = IR + IR也可以是E = U + U外部  {i:总电流(a),e:电力电力(v),r:外部电路电阻(ω),r:功率包含(ω)}  5.电力和电力:W = UIT,P = UI {W:电力(J),U:电压(V),I:电流(A),T:时间(S),P:电力(W )}  6. Juo Law:Q = I2RT {:电加热(J),I:电流(A),R:导体电阻值(ω),T:接通时间(S)}  7.纯电阻电路:由于i = u / r,w = q,w = q = uit = i2rt = u2t / r  8.电源输出功率,电源输出功率,电源效率:P总= IE,P = IU,η= P出/ p总{i:电路总电流(a),e:电力电力(v),u :道路端电压(V),η:电源效率}  9.电路的串/并联串联电路(P,U和R校正)并联电路(P,I和R成反比)  抗性关系(串和逆)R串= R1 + R2 + R3 + 1 / R和= 1 / R1 + 1 / R2 + 1 / R3 +  当前关系I总= I1 = I2 = I3 I和= I1 + I2 + I3 +  电压关系U总计= U1 + U2 + U3 + U TOTAL = U1 = U2 = U3  功率分配P总= P1 + P2 + P3 + P总量= P1 + P2 + P3 +  10.欧姆的测试阻力  (1)电路组成(2)测量原理  在两个片剂短短后,调整RO以使仪表指针。  IG = E /(R + RG + RO)  测量电阻Rx是电表的电流连接  IX = E /(R + RG + RO + RX)= E /(+ Rx)  由于IX对应于Rx,因此它可以指示测量的电阻。  (3)方法:机械归零,选择范围,欧姆零零,测量读数{注意齿轮(放大镜(放大)}。  (4)注意:测量电阻时,要断开到原始电路,请选择将指针靠近中心的范围,每次转移到重新加载欧姆曲调。  11.伏特方法  当前表内部连接:当前表外部连接:  电压表示:U = UR + UA当前表示:i = IR + IV  RX测量= U / I =(UA + UR)/ IR = RA + Rx> R真Rx测量值= U / I = UR /(IR + IV)= RVRX /(RV + R)> RA [或Rx> (RARV)1/2]电路条件Rx

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高中物理知识点

首先,点(1)的质量------线性运动1)均匀改变线路运动1.平均速度V扁平= S / T(定义)2。有用的推理VT2-VO2 = 2次3.中间时间VT / 2 = V Flat =(VT + VO)/ 2 4.光速Vt = VO + AT5.中间位置Vs / 2 = [(VO2 + VT2)/ 2] 1/2 6.位移S = V FLAT T = VOT + AT2 / 2 = VT / 2T7.加速a =(vt-vo)/ t {vo中的正方向,a和vo相干(加速)a> 0;反向,A <0}8. Experimental Inference ΔS = AT2 {Δs is the difference between the continuous adjacent equal time (T)}9. Main physical quantities and units: initial speed (VO): m / s; acceleration (a): m / s2; end speed (Vt): m / s; time (S) second (s); displacement (S): Mi (M); journey: Rice; speed unit conversion: 1M / s = 3.6km / h.Note:(1) The average speed is vector;(2) The speed of the object is large, and the acceleration is not necessarily large;(3) A = (VT-VO) / T is just a quantity, not determinant;(4) Other related content: quality point, displacement and distance, reference system, time and time [see the first version P19] / S - T map, V - T map / speed and rate, instantaneous speed [see the first volume P24.2) Free fall sports1. Element speed VO = 0 2. Last speed Vt = gt3. Drop height h = GT2 / 2 (calculated from VO position) 4. Inference VT2 = 2GHNote:(1) Free fall movement is a uniform accelerated line movement of zero initial speed, follows a linear movement law of uniform speed;(2) a = g = 9.8m / s2≈10m / s2 (gravity acceleration is aller near the equator, aller in the high mountain, vertical direction).(3) vertical and shielded1. Displace S = Vot-GT2 / 2 2. Light Speed ??Vt = Vo-gt (g = 9.8m / s2≈10m / s2)3. Useful inference VT2-VO2 = -2GS 4. Rise maximum height hm = VO2 / 2G (throwing points)5. Round-trip Time T = 2VO / g (from the time of thrown back to the original position)Note:(1) Full process processing: It is a uniform deceleration line motion, in the positive direction, the acceleration is negative;(2) Segmentation processing: Up to a uniform and decelerated line movement, downward for free fall sports, which has symmetry;(3) The rise and the drop process have symmetry, such as reverse in the same velocity equivalent.Second, the quality of the sport (2) ---- curve exercise, universal gravity1) Ping throw1. Level direction speed: vx = VO 2. Vertical direction speed: Vy = gt3. Level direction Displacement: x = Vot 4. Vertical direction Displacement: y = gt2 / 25. Motion time t = (2Y / g) 1/2 (usually expressed as (2H / g) 1/2)6. Speed ??VT = (VX2 + VY2) 1/2 = [VO2 + (GT) 2] 1/2Speed ??direction and horizontal angle β: TGβ = VY / VX = GT / V07. Agglift: s = (x2 + y2) 1/2,Displacement direction and horizontal angle α: TGα = Y / x = GT / 2VO8. Level direction acceleration: ax = 0; vertical direction acceleration: AY = gNote:(1) The flat throwing movement is a homogeneous speed curve movement, the acceleration is g, which is usually seen as a synthesis of the free fall motion in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction of the vertical direction;(2) Sport time is independent of the drop height h (y) decision and the horizontal throttle;(3) The relationship between θ and β is TGβ = 2TGα;(4) The time T is the key to the privilege of the proportion; (5) Make the corresponding acceleration of the object of the curve movement, when the speed direction is not in the same straight line, when the direction of the proposed force (acceleration) is not in the same straight line, the object is a curve movement.2) Uniform velocity1. Line speed V = S / T = 2πr / t 2. angular velocity ω = φ / t = 2π / t = 2πf3. Heart acceleration a = v2 / r = ω2R = (2π / t) 2R 4. Heart force F heart = MV2 / R = MΩ2R = MR (2π / t) 2 = MΩV = F5. Period and frequency: t = 1 / f 6. Relationship between angular velocity and line speed: v = ωR7. The relationship between angular velocity and speed ω = 2πn (here the frequency is the same as the speed of speed)8. Main physical quantity and unit: arc length (s): M); angle (φ): radians (RAD); frequency (f): Hz); cycle (t): second (s); speed ( N): R / S; radius (R): m); line speed (V): m / S; angular velocity (ω): rad / s; center acceleration: m / s2.Note:(1) The heart force can be provided by a certain force, or may be provided by the synergy, and can also be provided by the force, and the direction is always vertical in the direction of the speed;(2) Make a uniformly rounded object, its heart force is equal to the synergistic, and to the heart force only change the direction of the speed, and the size of the object is not changed, so the kinetic energy of the object remains unchanged, and the heart is not working, but momentum is constantly changing.3) Wanner gravity1. Cople Third Law: T2 / R3 = K (= 4π2 / gm) {R: Track radii, T: cycle, K: constant (independent of the planet quality, depending on the quality of the central celestial body)}2.low of universal gravitation: F = GM1M2 / R2 (g = 6.67 × 10-11n? M2 / kg2, the direction on their connection)3. Gravity and gravity acceleration in the celestial body: GMM / R2 = mg; g = gm / r2 {R: celestial radius (M), M: Tianzhi mass (kg)}4. Satellite winding speed, angular velocity, cycle: v = (gm / r) 1/2; ω = (gm / r3) 1/2; {2π (R3 / gm) 1/2 {m: central celestial quality }5. First (two, 3)UniverseV1 = (G) 1/2 = (gm / r) 1/2 = 7.9km / s; V2 = 11.2km / s; V3 = 16.7km / s6.Earth sync satelliteGMM / (r floor + h) 2 = m4π2 (r floor + h) / t2 {h≈36000km, h: is the height of the surface of the earth, R-Land: the radius of the earth}Note:(1) The center of mind required by the celestial movement is provided by the extraction, and f-direction = F 10;(2) Applicationlow of universal gravitationThe mass density of the celestial body can be estimated;(3)Earth sync satelliteCan only be run in the equator, the run cycle is the same as the Earth's own cycle;(4) Satellite track radius is all, the potential can be all, the kinetic energy is large, the speed is large, the cycle is all (together with three times);(5) The maximum surround speed and minimum emission speed of Earth satellite are 7.9km / s.Third, force (common force, strength synthesis and decomposition)1) Common power1. Gravity g = mg (direction vertical down, g = 9.8m / s2≈10m / s2, the role point is in the center of gravity, suitable for the surface of the earth)2. Huke law f = kx {direction edge recovery deformation direction, k: stadium coefficient (N / m), x: shaped variable (m)}3. Sliding friction f = μFN {opposite to objects in the direction of motion, μ: friction factor, Fn: positive pressure (N)}4. Static morassing force 0 ≤ F ≤fm (opposite to the opposite direction of the moving trend, FM is the most static friction)5. Wanner gravitational f = Gm1m2 / R2 (g = 6.67 × 10-11n? M2 / kg2, the direction on their connection)6. Static power F = kq1Q2 / R2 (k = 9.0 × 109n? M2 / c2, direction in their connection)7. Electric Flight F = EQ (E: Field Strength N / C, Q: Electric C)8. Ampere f = bilsin θ (θ is B and L angle, when L⊥B: f = bil, b // L: f = 0)9. Lorez force f = qvBSINθ (θ is the angle of B and V, when V⊥B is: f = qvb, v // b: f = 0)Note:(1) The strength coefficient k is determined by the spring itself;(2) The friction factor μ is independent of the pressure magnitude and the contact area size, and the contact surface material characteristics and surface conditions are determined;(3) FM is slightly greater than μFN, which is generally considered to be fm ≈μFN;(4) Other related content: Static flip (size, direction) [see the first book P8];(5) Physical quantity symbol and unit B: Magnetic intensity (T), L: effective length (m), i: current intensity (a), V: charged particle speed (m / s), Q: charged particles (with electrical body ) Power (c);(6) Ampere and the Lorenz force direction shall be determined by the left hand.2) Synthesis and decomposition of force1. Synthesis of the same straight line to the same direction: f = f1 + f2, reverse: f = f1-f2 (f1> F2)2.相互角度成:F =(F12 + F22 + 2F1F2COS] 1/2(余弦定理)F1⊥F2:F =(F12 + F22)1/23.沉积物尺寸范围:| F1-F2 | ≤F≤| F1 + F2 |4.力的正交分解:FX =FCOSβ,FY =FSINβ(β是角度TGβ= Synergies和X轴之间的FY / FX)笔记:(1)武力(载体)的成和分解,然后是平行化;(2)协同作用与权力之间的关系是一种等同的替代关系,并且还建立了组替代力的共同作用;(3)除公式外,它也可以用作图形解决方案。此时,选择刻度,并且该图是严格移动的;(4)当F1和F2的值固定时,F1和F2的角度(α角)越大,协同作用越小;(5)成相同的直线,可以沿直线的方向,以及指示力的力的方向,简化代数操作。四,动态(运动和力量)1.牛顿的个运动法(惯性法):物体是惯性,始终保持移动状态或静止状态,直到强制外力改变这种状态。2.牛顿第二议案法:F Hexi = MA或A = F HE / MA {由最前沿确定,以确定最前沿的方向。3.牛顿的第三次练习:f = -f'{否定指示方向,f,f'每个行为在另一方,平衡强度和对抗力差的动作,实际应用:反冲洗}4.零点力的平衡是= 0,促进{正交分解方法,三个电源对话原则}5.超重:Fn> g6.牛顿定律的适用条件:适用于解决低速运动问题,适用于宏观物体,不适加工高速问题,不适用于微观粒子[请参阅本书P67]注意:平衡状态意味着物体处于静态或均匀的线性状态,或者移动旋转。V.振动和波浪(机械振动和机械振动传播)1.联谐波f = -kx {f:恢复力,k:比例系数,x:位移,负标志表示f和x的方向始终反转}2.单个摆动循环T =2π(l / g)1/2 {l:杨强(m),g:局部重力加速度值,基础条件:摆动角度θ <100; l >> r}3.强制振动频率特性:F = F驱动力4.共振条件:F驱动力= F固体,a =,谐振预防和应用[查看本书P175]5.机械波,水平波,纵波[见第二卷P2]6.波速V = S / T =λf=λ/ t {波传播过程,一个周期传播波长前进;波速度大小由介质本身确定7.波速(空气中)0°C:332m / s; 20°C:344米/秒; 30°C:349米/秒; (声波是纵向的)8.显然波浪的衍射(波什过障碍物或孔继续传播)条件:障碍物或孔小于波长,或者不同9.波浪的干扰条件:两排频率相同(相位差是恒定的,幅度相似,振动方向相同)10.多普勒效应:由于波源和观察者之间的相互运动,波源发射频率与接收频率不同{彼此接近,接收频率增加,并且反应减少了[看到第二个Book P21]}笔记:(1)对象的固有频率与振幅和驱动力无关,具体取决于振动系统本身;(2)加强该地区是峰值和峰值或山谷以及调速器的间隙,弱化区是峰值和槽。(3)波只传播振动,介质本身不会迁移,这是一种传播能量的方式;(4)干扰和衍射是波特;(5)振动图像和波浪图像;(6)其他相关内容:超声及其应用[参见第二体积的P22] /振动的能量转换[见个P173]。6.改进和动量(对象压力和动量的变化)1.动量:P = MV {P:动量(kg / s),m:质量(kg),v:速度(m / s),方向和速度方向3.实施:i = ft {i:改进(n?s),f:恒定力(n),t:强制时间,方向由f}4. MIMUS定理:i =ΔP或FT = MVT-MVO {ΔP:动量变化ΔP= MVT-MVO,是矢量类型}5。座右铭保护:p-befort total = p post或p = p'也可以是m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1'+ m2v2'6.弹性碰撞:ΔP= 0; Δek= 0 {系统的动量和动能是保守的}7.非弹性碰撞ΔP= 0; 0. <ΔEK <ΔEKM {ΔEK: kinetic energy of loss, EKM: maximum kinetic energy loss of losses}8. Complete non-elastic collision ΔP = 0; ΔEK = ΔEKM {Touching together into a whole}9. The object M1 is elastically touched by the primary speed of V1 and the stationary object M2:V1 '= (M1-M2) V1 / (M1 + M2) V2' = 2M1V1 / (M1 + M2)10. Inference from 9 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------11. The bullet M level velocity Vo is injected to the long wooden block m placed horizontally ooth ground and is embedded in the mechanical energy loss when moving together.E loss = mvo2 / 2- (m + m) VT2 / 2 = fs relative {VT: common speed, f: resistance, Sum-relative bullet relative to long wooden blocks}Seven, work and energy (play is the measure of energy conversion)1. Power: w = fscoosα (defined) {W: Gang (J), F: Connect (N), S: Displacement (M), α: F, S between the angle}2. Gravity work: WAB = mghab {m: The quality of the object, g = 9.8m / s2≈10m / s2, HAB: A and B height difference (Hab = HA-HB)}3. Electric field power work: WAB = quab {: power (c), uab: A and B potential difference (v) UAB = φA-φB}4. Power: W = UI (General) {u: Voltage (V), I: Current (a), T: Extremely (s)}5. Power: P = W / T (Defined) {P: Power [WW)], W: Time During the Time (J), T: Time for doing the work (s)}6. Power of car traction: p = fv; p flat = fv flat {P: instantaneous power, P flat: average power}7. The car starts with constant power to start with a constant acceleration, the maximum driving speed of the car (Vmax = P = P = f)8. Electrical power: p = ui (general) {u: circuit voltage (V), i: circuit current (a)}9. Joe law: q = i2rt {: electric heating (J), I: Current intensity (a), R: resistance value (Ω), T: Extraction time (s)}10. I = U / R in pure resistance circuit; p = ui =U2/ R = I2R; Q = W = UIT =U2T / R = I2RT11. Kinetic energy: eK = MV2 / 2 {EK: kinetic energy (J), M: object quality (kg), V: object instantaneous speed (m / s)}12. Gravity potential energy: EP = MGH {EP: gravity potential energy (J), G: gravity acceleration, H: vertical height (m) (from zero potential)}13. Potential energy:EA= Qφa {EA: Potential energy of the electrical body at point A (J), Q: Electricity (C), φA: A Potential (V) (from zero)}14. Dynamic Theorem (Positive work to the object, the kinetic energy of the object):W combination = MVT2 / 2-MVO2 / 2 or W in = ΔEK{W: Total strength to the object, ΔEK: kinetic energy change ΔEK = (MVT2 / 2-mvo2 / 2)}15. Mechanical conservation regulation: ΔE = 0 or EK1 + EP1 = EK2 + EP2 can also be MV12 / 2 + MGH1 = MV22 / 2 + MGH216. Changes in gravity and gravity potential energy (gravity work is equal to negative weight of the weight of the material weight) WG =-ΔEPEight, molecular dynamic theory, energy conservation1. Avogadro constant NA = 6.02 × 1023 / mol; molecular diameter quantity level 10-10 meters2. Molecular diameter D = V / S {V: Molecular oil film (M3), S: Oil film surface area (m) 2}3. Molecular motivation theory: material is composed of a large number of molecules; a large number of molecules do not regular thermal movements; there is interaction between molecularities.4. Gravitational and repulsiveness in the molecules (1) R R0,F引> F排斥,F分子量是引力(4)r> 10r0,f = f 0,f分子强度≈0,e分子势能≈05.个法律W + Q =ΔU{(工作和传热,这两种改变对象的方法可以等同),W:外部效果(j),q:q:由对象(j),Δu吸收的热量:增加内部能量(j),涉及种类型的性,无法创建[参见第二本书p40]}6。热力学的第二律表达Kerkes:不可能将热量从低温物体转移到高温物体,而不会导致其他变化(导热定向方向);开放陈述:不可能从单个热源吸收热量,所有它用于做所有它,而不会导致其他变化(机械能和内部转换的方向性){与第二种运动有关[看看第二卷P44]}7.热力学的第三种定律:热力学零不能达到{宇宙温度限制:-273.15摄氏度(热力学零)}笔记:(1)棕色颗粒不是分子,棕色颗粒越小,棕色运动越明显,温度越高,越戏剧;(2)温度是分子平均动能的标志物;3)存在分子的引力和排斥,随着分子距离之间的距离的增加而降低,但排斥减少快;(4)分子强度为阳性,??可以降低分子电位,并且R0中的F-Centrifugal = F低,并且可以最小化分子电位;(5)气体膨胀,外部世界是负面的 <0; the temperature increase, can increase ΔU> 0;吸收热量,q> 0(6)物体的内部能量是指物体的所有分子动能和分子势能的总和,并且对于理想的气体分子,分子势能为零。(7)R0是分子处于平衡状态时分子之间的距离;(8)其他相关内容:可以转换和固定常数定律[参见第二卷P41] /能量开发和利用,环境保护[参见P47的第二卷] /物体的内部能量,分子动能,分子潜力能量[参见第二卷P47]。九,天然气性质1.燃气状态参数:温度:宏热力学温度和摄氏温度关系:T = T + 273 {T:热力学温度(k),T:摄氏温度(°C)}体积V:气体分子可以占用的空间,单位转换:1m 3 = 103L = 106ml压力P:在单位面积上,大量的气体分子经常击中壁并产生连续,均匀的压力,标准大气压:1ATM = 1.013×105Pa = 76cmHg(1Pa = 1 n / m2)2.气体分子锻炼的特征:分子间隙很大;除了即时碰撞之外,互动较弱;分子运动率非常大。3.理想气体的状态方程:P1V1 / T1 = P2V2 / T2 {PV / T =恒定量,T是热力学温度(k)}笔记:(1)理想气体的内部能量与理想气体的尺寸有关,与温度和物质的量有关;(2)公式3建立条件是具有一定质量的理想气体。使用配方时,注意温度单位,T是摄氏温度(°C),但T是热力学温度(K)。十,电场1.两次收费,收费,元收费:( e = 1.60×10-19c);电荷等于金属电荷的整数倍数2.库仑法:F = KQ1Q2 / R2(真空){F:总功率(N),K:静电常数K = 9.0×109N? M2 / C2,Q1,Q2:两个点充电电源(c),R:距离(m)在双点电荷,方向,力和反作用力之间,相同的电荷被排出,并且异种移植物是彼此吸引。3.电场强度:E = F / Q(定义,计算的公式){E:电场强度(N / C)为载体(电场叠加原理),Q:测试电荷(c)}的电荷4.真空点(源)电荷形成电场E = KQ / R2 {R:与该位置的距离(m),q:源的电源}5.场强E = UAB / D {UAB:电压(V),D:AB处于现场方向(M)}的方向}6.电场功率:F = QE {F:电动飞行功率(N),Q:电力(C),E:电场强度(N / C)}7.潜在和潜在差异:UAB =φA-φB,UAB = WAB / Q =-ΔEAb/ q8.电场功率工作:WAB = QUAB = EQD {WAB:由A到B(j)的电场力制造的电力,q:power(c),UAb:utab:uterati a,b电位差(V)(电场功率与路径无关),E:均匀电场强度,D:距离两个点的强大方向的距离(m)}9.势能:EA =Qφa{EA:点A(j),q:电力(c),φa:点电位(v)}的充电器电位能量10.势能的变化ΔEab= EB-EA {电场中的相位差从位置到B位置}11.电场功率和电位能量变化ΔAb= -Wab = - quab(势能增加等于电场功率的负功率)12.电容器C = Q / U(定义,计算){C:电容器(F),Q:电力(C),U:电压(扭曲板电位差)(V)}13.电容器电容C =εs/4πkd(S:扭转距离,D:双模板之间的距离距离,ω:介电常数)通用电容器[参见第二本书P111]14.电场中的带电粒子的加速度(VO = 0):w =Δek或qu = mvt2 / 2,vt =(2qu / m)1/215.带电粒子在垂直电场方向上的偏转(不考虑重力效应)太平洋垂直电场方向:均匀的线性运动L = VOT(在平行板面板中具有相等的异构充电:E = U / D)投掷和移动平行电场方向:精英加速度线运动D = AT2 / 2,a = f / m = qe / m笔记:(1)当两个完全相同的带电金属球体时,配电正常:原始皮带叶移植的主要和后调解,原装总量相同;(2)电场从正电荷终止,电场没有相交,切线是场的方向,电场线很强,电场较高,电场线较低是垂直的。 ;(3)频繁的电场分布需要熟悉(见图2 P98];(4)电场强度(矢量)和电位(标量)由电场本身确定,而电场强度和电位也可以与带电体带的电荷有关;(5)在静

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