1mts等于多少米(1mts等于多少千克)

1mts等于多少米(1mts等于多少千克)

制冷系统的选择：

在冷库制冷系统中，蒸发器用来指仓库冷配设备，制冷系统称为蒸发器的供液方式。

一. DC供应系统

系统流图

2.系统功能：

1.制冷剂节流后直接供给，蒸发器传热效率低；在制冷剂饱和温度范围内，各通道的液体减少量在1范围内。

2建议使用简易小型冷库或幸运冷库进行装载。

3有必要在回流管线上提供一个气液分离器。气体分离器的流速0.5m/s是适的。

4小型冷库的直流供液系统通常使用压缩冷凝机组或压缩冷凝机组。

二、重力供液系统

系统流图

2.系统特征

1在重力供给系统中，饱和液体进入冷却蒸发盘管，蒸发压力为，增加了蒸发盘管的传热能力，消除了多组平行板的均匀分离。一个主要障碍。

“射液”事故发生的可能性比DC供液系统大，大大降低。

3气液分离器必须设置在无障碍房间的上方。多层冷库必须分层设置气液分离器，不便于集中管理。

如图4所示，当气液分离器液位控制装置出现故障时，很难根据系统负荷随时稳定气液分离器的正常液位。

5号系统的融、排、油比较麻烦。

第三，氨泵供给液体强制循环系统。

系统流图

2.系统特征

1低压循环桶采用气液分离。但是，安装位置不需要高于冷空间的冷分配设备。

2.进入冷分配设备的氨循环量是蒸发量的3-6倍，冷分配设备的传热效率高。

3液体管道的连接和通风管道与冷管道的连接有“下部”和“上部”。

氨泵系统高，易管理，节约成本，易于实现自动化操作。

选择冷电设备：

首先，冷却掉定型设备的负荷(冷却设备负荷)。

冷无缝设备负荷和制冷压缩机的机械负荷用于选择冷空间分配装置和蓄冷机。

根据“规范”计算冷却空间分配设备的负荷。

(W)

在：

-壳体结构的热流(w)为：货物热流(w)；通风热流(w)；电机的工作热流(w );分别为操作热通量(w );计算方法和之前一样。

P-货物冷却时的热通量系数，冷冻和不冷却的货物，冷却时P=1.3时进入碳热通量冷却；其他冷却器P=1。

注：每个冷分配装置的配置是基于其自身的冷负荷，因此应该从每个时间开始计算。

二、冷分配设备(冷却设备)传热区

冷分配设备的冷却能力应与按冷空间计算的负荷相匹配，即：

第三，冷却设备的传热系数

1.宽带管和光滑墙板

根据“规范”计算轻质套管和光壁管的传热系数；

(W/M2 C)

在：

-根据本规范附录C . 4，光管的传热系数(W/M2 )可根据设计范围采用。

——换算系数构造，管间距s与管外径DW之比可按“规范”附录C表C.0.4的规定使用；

——“规范”附录C表C.0.4采用管径换算系数；

-根据本规范附录c表C.0.4的规定使用液体供应模式。

2.氨铁架制冷设备：

采用氨架制冷设备的传热系数作为“标准”。

3.冷却风扇(空气冷却器):

冷风扇是工厂产品，其传热系数由相关标准提供。

注：提供氨泵时，传热系数平均应提高10%。

第四，冷却装置的冷温度和蒸发温度之间的计算温度差

应考虑以下因素来确定计算的温差

制冷工艺设计中，冷却设备蒸发温度的计算温差应由技术经济确定，通常可按“规范”采用。

1.顶排管、壁管和搁板制冷设备的计算温差应按算法的平均温度使用，不宜大于10 ;

2.根据对数平均温差，计算出的冷却风扇(空气冷却器)的温差应在710测量，相对湿度为80%或更高的冷却制冷最好是4.56.5的温差。

动词（verb的缩写）冷配件和设备

1.登陆墓地：KLD——冰冻寒冷的ChockoirL KL冷却用于冷藏；缓慢冷冻。

2.吊顶冷却风扇：DDKLL制冷间DDKLD制冷；ddklj-freeting .

3.冷却管：在设计时，通常是根据管道的特性、冷空间的性质和建筑物的大小、冷空间的位置、液体的量和冷却组的数量。选择时应考虑以下因素：

1.减少寒冷空间的温度波动。

2操作简单。

34静水压力

对蒸发温度的影响。5改善传热系数。6均匀的液体。六，冷分配设备选择原则：1.所选冷却设备的使用条件应符当前氨冷却设备进行冷却设备的要求。2.冷却，冷冻和储物室之间的冷却设备应为空气冷却器。3.冷冻制冷的冷却设备应选自空气冷却器。当食物没有良好的包装时，也可以使用顶部行管。4.封装之间的冷却设备，室温低于-5°C时，应选择排水管;当室温高于-5°C时，应使用空气冷却器。5.在包装之间，更多人如肉类，使用氨直接蒸发冷却设备时，必须确保个人安全。6.根据不同食物的冷冻过程，可以选择适的冷冻装置，例如冷冻隧道，扁平冷冻设备，螺旋冷冻设备等。7.冷却设备的布置应有利于提高仓库的使用量因子，并促进安装，维护，操作和除霜。管和墙壁的净距离不应小于150mm，净距离或梁底的距离不应大于250毫米。着陆空气冷却器水盘保持在地面以保持一定的架空距离。8.根据使用冷却，尺寸，空气冷却器性能，储存货物的规定温度和湿度条件，空气冷却系统可以使用无风或无扇空气分配系统。无风化空气分配系统，在渡轮的上部，气流膨胀空间应为0.6?1米。空气形空气分配系统应具有均匀的风，空气传播，货物之间的空间可用于返回空气中的空气。仓库和设备室设备布局：首先，布置图书馆设备冷却1冷却室内参数冷却的温度通常为±0°C，并且肉类食品冷却可用于使用-2℃，相对湿度为90％。2尺度和冷却之间的加工技术冷却白色带肉冷却一般为6米，长度为12?18米，高4.55米，面积72?108m2。200?250次肉类食品的平均负荷为200?250。屠宰后的肉胴体温度可以在20小时内从35°C冷却4°C。3冷却设备布置和空气流动组织鼓风机通常以一端布置，并且从壁或柱的四侧间距不应小于400mm。冷却风扇的高度应尽可能利用，并且喷口的上边缘略低于地板或梁底部到冷空气形成。冷却之间的空气循环量约为5060倍/ h，肉的平均风速应为0.51.0m / s。冷却的冷却风扇可以通过1kcal / h置于0.60.7m 3 / h的温度。鼓风机的喷口适用于圆形。喷口的气流速率通常为2025米/秒。喷嘴直径一般为200?300mm。当寒冷空间的长度≤12M时，喷口和喷嘴直径的长度与喷嘴直径的长度取决于冷空间的长度，需要3：2;当寒冷空间的长度为12?15米时，需要4：3;当长度为15?20m时，取1：1。喷口锥形角度不超过30°。喷射范围优选不超过20米。喷口电阻系数为0.93?0.97。⒉冻冻屠宰后的肉胴体为30?35°C，20小时冷冻20小时的冷冻，肉胴体的中心温度为-15°C。根据冻结的过程要求，选择和排列冷分配设备应遵循以下原则：1冷冻设备的区域占冷冻的小面积，应尽可能接近墙壁，以确保维修和安装便利;2冷分配设备应确保-23?-30°C的温度和冻结所需的空气流量在24米/秒之间，风是理的，并且寒冷空间中的空气流动是制服;3正确选择冷却系统的蒸发温度，限度地减少制冷剂的流动阻力，降低功耗;4由于冷冻中的热负荷突然增加，当计算设备时，总热流可以乘以1.3。5需要禁食速度，不包括熔炼水应该避免堵塞下水道和结冰。常用的冷冻室：（1）货架冷冻室1架子上的冷却设备冷冻适用于每天少于5吨的冷储存。家禽，水产品和猪副产品，一般直接安装在架子上进行冻结。搁架管由外径为φ38或φ57的无缝钢管制成，或者可以由40×3mm矩形无缝钢管制成。冰柜规格为600×400×120mm，每盘20kg，每平方米冻结60?80kg食物。2空气流组织和搁板中的库温度冷冻将风力涡轮机添加到搁架冻结中，并且可以根据每次冻结1吨食品罗盘10000m3 / h来计算空气量。应该提供流动的流动，以确保圆盘间的平均风速为1?3M / s，并且尽可能地避免死角。搁架的温度为-18-23℃，冻结时间通常为1648小时。冰冻之间的3个优点和缺点优点：易于制造，结构和操作相对简单，不必经常保持。清扫奶油相对容易;使用电;货物已加载。缺点：液柱很大，它们不能连续进行。空气流量不好，冷冻速度非常慢，冷冻的质量也很差。（2）强制空气循环冻结1卧式发红冻结一种。冷冻设备安排多个镶嵌镶嵌镶嵌陶瓷布置在冷冻的纵向方向的一侧。冻结之间的宽度通常为6m，长度不受限制。通常布置5个肋骨。大多数生产性冰箱冻结。湾冷冻空气流量组织和图书馆温度冷风扇吹的冷空气沿着冷冻的上部吹到壁，然后均匀地通过肉片的下部回到冷风扇，肉之间的平均风速为1.5?2.0小姐。冷冻的温度为-23?-30°C，冻结白色条带肉的时间约为20小时。的优点和缺点优点：气流短，库温度均匀，冷冻速度更快。缺点：有更多的热风格，功耗大。2天花板冷风扇冻房一种。冷冻设备安排天花板型冷风扇悬挂在冷冻的顶部，冷冻宽度通常为3m或6m，长度不受限制，并且可以构成隧道式冷冻装置。湾气流组织和库温度冷空气通过导管向下吹拂，然后通过下罐的肉或架子平稳地闪烁。肉的平均风速仍然是1.2?2米/秒和食物。房间的平均风速也应为1?3M / s。冷空气吸热被密封回带侧壁上的冷风扇。这种气流组织的特征在于风压和均匀的气流分布。冷冻的温度仍然-23?-30℃，冷冻时间通常为1020小时。C.优点和缺点：优点：冷风扇不考虑建筑面积，图书馆温度均匀。缺点：使用鼓风机中的多个车站，维护不方便，并特别注意水溢出。3.制冷（1）冷却液冷室1冷藏室温，湿度要求温湿度要求应根据存储的大型食品要求确定。如果冷藏单元未提出明确要求，则通常可以在0°C，相对湿度= 90％设计。2设备排列冷库的冷却通常可用于冷藏的基底，或者布置在其层中。冷藏间隔中的每个区域的温度差应小于0.5°C，湿度差小于4％。冷却的制冷通常使用具有冷风扇的冷分配装置，同时构成管道的均匀递送。冷风机布置在封闭门的一侧。当冷空间宽度> 12m时，空气供应设置在寒冷的主要通道上方，并且当房间宽度是 <12m, it can be placed above the cold side. The benefits of evenly sending the air in the main channel are:a. The range of air jets on both sides of the airway is substantially equal, and the nozzle design is simplified;b. Even if the surface is condensed, it is not dripped to the goods;c. No need to return the air,3 airflow organizationThe cross section of the uniform flying air is rectangular, the length direction height of the air distance is constant, only change the width size, the width ratio of the airway head and the tail of 2: 1; the first wind speed can be 6 ~ 8m / s, end wind speed 1 ~ 2m / s.The air distributors on both sides on the air stops use a conical nozzle, uniformly arranged, the center spacing of the nozzle is about 1m, but the column cap should be avoided. There are two angles of nozzles: one is a nozzle shaft ribbon and a floor panel 17 ° or 19 ° elevation angle; the other is the nozzle level mounting, and the airflow direction is parallel to the main beam.The cold air is splitted with the floor, blowing to the wall along the upper space of the cold delivery, then flowing through the stock, returning to the cold fan from the main passage. The flow rate of the reflow area is approximately 0.3 to 0.5 m / s.4 stacking requirements5 ventilation and ventilation requirementsVentilation should meet the following requirements:a. The cooling of the cooling is suitable for setting ventilation devices according to the variety of the stored goods. The number of ventilation should not be less than 2 times a day;b. Area greater than 150 m 2 or less than 150 m2 but not often open the door, and the basement, the cooling of the semi-basement is preferably used. Fresh air entering the cold air should be cooled first, and the fresh air is also required to heat treatment;c. The air intake of fresh air should be set to facilitate the operation of the insulation opening device;d. In the cold space, the exhaust gas should be directly row to the library, and the air opening should be set to facilitate the operation of the insulation opening and closing device;e. The fresh air inlet and exhaust gas discharge ports should not be opened on the same side. If the discharge port should be on the lower side of the fresh air inlet, the discharge port should not be less than 2m on the lower side of the fresh air inlet, and the horizontal distance should not be less than 4m.f. Ventilation ventilation pipes in the cool space, ventilation pipeline through the maintenance structure and the outer sideways of 1.5 ~ 2m long, the exhaust pipe in the normal temperature in the whole temperature needs to be insulated;g. Exhaust pipe should be in the warehouse, the pipe segment in the intake pipelines should be sloped to the cold fan; the lowest point of the duct should have a water supply measures.(2) frozen cold reservoir1 frozen cold room temperature, humidity requirementsThe temperature is -18 ° C, the relative humidity is preferably maintained above 95%, and the cold temperature allows fluctuations to + 1 ° C;2 Refrigeration between the cooling tubeIn the cold room, natural convection heat exchange heat is achieved by means of a density of cold air.The specific arrangement of the cooling coil is:a. The spacing of the top of the top of the top tube is: the ooth tube is not less than 250mm, the fin tube is not less than 300mm; the single-layer cold storage and the top of the multilayer cold storage can be arranged in a single layer of the top tube. The other layers of the multilayer cold storage should be disposed above the top of the cold channel.b. Wall tubes should be placed on the exterior wall, the installation position should be higher, preferably 2/3 height of the cold room, to strengthen the natural convection of cold air; the wall discharge center line and the wall spacing are: optical slide tube Not less than 150mm, the fin tube is not less than 200mm.c. The connection of the supply liquid and the return of the multi-set top pipe should take "advanced after", the same as the same approach.For the wall discharge from the multi-group, the liquid collecting header should be set under the wall drain.d. When the warehouse area is 500m2, the tip tube and wall pipeline supply tube, and the return of the return can be set separately.e. The installation of the cooling pipe is fixed, and it is coupled to the pre-buried part of the flat and wall.3 Refrigeration between the freezing of the cold fanAdvantages: Save steel, easy to install, the library temperature is relatively uniform, and the operation management is easy to achieve self-control.Disadvantages: Although the cooling speed is fast, the speed of the cold temperature is also faster after the stop is stopped.4. Ice Faculta(1) the temperature of the ice storageWhen the saline is soaked, the library temperature is -4 ° C, and when the rapid ice is stored, the retention is -10 ° C.(2) the equipment arrangement of the ice storage1 The net high of the icehouse is not a wall-oriented wall, but the top row must be dispersed. The centerline of the upper layer of the top-tube is not less than 250 mm from the psit or beam.2 When the architecture of the ice storage is 2m or higher than 6m, the wall pipe and top tube should be provided. The mounting height of the wall pipe should be on the height of the ice.3 Top tubes or wall pipes must not be used.4 The ice and stacking equipment should be set as much as possible.⒌ ⒌ ⒌ ⒌ ⒌ ⒌The cold storage room is generally divided into two parts of the machine between the machines and equipment, and is divided into three parts: machine between machinery, equipment and water pump houses.(1) Machine arrangement requirementsa. The arrangement of the compressor in the machine, the arrangement of the device must meet the principle of refrigeration, the system is ooth, the pipe connection is short, and it should be appropriate to ensure the convenience of ensuring safe operation and installation and repair. Also equivalent to compact as much as possible.b. When setting a large and medium-sized refrigeration compressor, it should be considered to set up a lifting device.c. The hand wheel of the refrigerating and exhaust valve of the refrigeration compressor should facing the main channel facilitating observation and operation, and its mounting height is between 1.2-1.5m.d. All pressure gauges, thermometers, and other instruments of refrigeration compressors should be located in a clearly observed place, generally to mainly operate channels.e. The total regulating station can be arranged between the machine or arranged between the devices.f. Intermediate coolers are generally arranged and try to close to the compressor.g. The width of the main operating channel should be 1.5-2.5m, and the distance between the compressor project is not less than 1.5m between other devices or adjustment stations. The distance between the two compressor projections should not be less than 1m, and there is a possibility of extracting the crankshaft. The width of the non-primary channel is not less than 0.8m.h. Self-control cabinet, automatic control instrument, and control table, etc. of the refrigeration unit can be provided in the inter-server side control chamber. The duty control room should also have a large glass window that cannot be opened between the dynamics between the machine.i. Noise in the machine should not exceed 85 dB (a).j. The cold storage in the northern cold area, the heating temperatures between the machines and the equipment, the heating temperature of the equipment should take 16 ° C. When using ammonia, it is strictly forbidden to warm.k. When using ammonia is refrigerant, the exhausting equipment between the machines and equipment should be installed, and the number of ventilation should not be less than.8 times / h. Usually an explosion-proof type axial fan is installed above the outer wall.l. The outer door between the machines should be opened out, and the inner door should be opened inward.m. Machine must not be set up with water pumps and oil treatment equipment.n. There is a need for an appropriate temporary maintenance area.O. There should be a drainage facility and a wash basin within the machine.(2) layout form1 single-column 2 double-column 3 on the column(3) Relevant equipment arrangements1 total adjustment stationThe position of the total regulation station can be able to see the signal devices above it should be able to see the signal devices above; the total regulation station should be mainly at sufficient operation; the valve center is 1.2-1.5 M should be.2 intermediate coolerThe intercooler should be an insulating layer, which can pass the 50mm thick wood block under the underlying foot; the basis is not less than 300 mm. The intercooler must be equipped with a liquid surface display and a controller.3 oil separatorThe oil separator for melting the cream thermosette should be covered with a heat insulating material having a resistance to 130 ° C.6. Equipment room(1) General arrangement requirements1 The width of the main channel between the devices should not be less than 1.5m.2 The width of the non-main channel between the devices should not be less than 0.8m.3 Do not often operate or passive channels should not be less than 0.3m.4 The edge distance of each container wall and the wall column is not less than 0.2m, the outer wall of the equipment insulating layer and the wall, the distance between the column should not be less than 0.4m.5 When the container is arranged inter-device, the opening of the window should be considered and the conditions for natural lighting.(2) Device arrangement form: generally subsequent layers and layered arrangements.(3) Related equipment layout points1 oil separator. It is advisable to be outdoors, and it is far as close as possible to the compressor. The oil separator is better; the washing oil separator should be as close as possible to the condenser.2 condensera. Vertical condenser, vertical condenser is installed outdoor, located in place close to the entrance to the private room.b. lysed condenser, the water-type condenser is arranged in a wide range of outdoor, well-ventilated places or roofs in the machine room, and its orientation should make the condensed tube perpendicular to the dominant wind direction of the area.c. Evaporative condenser, mostly arranged on the roof of the machine room, and the surroundings are well ventilated; its location is at least higher than the reservoir 1.2-1.5m.d. Horizontal condenser, generally arranged inter-device, and to consider the distance between its ends with cleaning and replacement tubes.3 Reservoir (ammonia): Generally arranged inter-equipment, if arranged outdoors, there should be a shading facility. When two or more reservoirs, a liquid homophone is attached at the bottom, and a shut-off valve is disposed on the hierarchy tube, and a gas hosainer is also connected to the top.4 Volume Bucket: It is located in the side wall of the room close to the warehouse, holding and connecting the inlet tube, pumping tube, and pressurizing tubes.5 low pressure circulation reservoir and ammonia pumpAccording to the different evaporation temperatures, in order to ensure the normal operation of the ammonia pump, the ammonia pump suction port should maintain a certain liquid post static pressure, that is, the so-called "net positive suction press". (Abbreviation: NPSH)Hγ- (lr + z) = 1.3 npsh (kg / m2)In:H-low pressure circulation reservoir design liquid surface to ammonia pump center high difference, m;γ-evaporation pressure under saturated ammonia, Kg / M3;L-inhaled pipe section length, m;R- Rice pressure drop per meter length, Kg / m2 / m;Z - Local resistance loss sum, kg / m2; 1.3-safety factor;"Handbook" recommended: gear ammonia pump: h = 1 ~ 1.5m; centrifulmonia pump: t0 = -15 ° C, H = 1.5 ~ 2.0m; t0 = -28 ° C, h = 2.0 ~ 2.5m; t0 = -33 ° C, H = 2.5 ~ 3.0m.The above data is based on the flow rate of ammonia fluid in the ammonia pump inhalation pipe section, and the local resistance loss of valve, elbow, etc. is minimized.The ammonia pump is generally arranged in a low pressure circulation reservoir, and the position is located below the low pressure circulation reservoir.The low pressure circulation reservoir should be designed to design a fixed maintenance operation platform, and the platform height should be 2m above the ground.6 Oil and air separatorOil is located at the lowest system, and the oil pipe slope toward the oil. The drainage groove should be provided around the oil base.The air separator is located in the interior wall of the machine room, 1.2m from the ground.Refrigeration pipeline design:First, general requirements for pipes, valve parts and connectors(1)The tube of the ammonia cooling system should be seamless steel pipe, in the Fluidian cold storage, the all pipeline can be used as a seamless steel pipe with a seamless steel pipe.(2) ValveAminmonia systems should be ammonia special valves and accessories; the valve of the fluorine system is a copper valve and has a valve cap.㈢ connectorThe ammonia system is welded.The elbow will be used with angle.⒊ Connect the flange with A3 calm steel production, should be taking a torch.When the all caliber valve is connected by a wire buckle, the remaining wall thickness after the connecting tube should be ≥ 2.5 to 3.0 mm, and the filler blended with pure glycerol and yellow powder (alumina) should be used.⒌ When two tubes do T-shaped connections, the elbow should be made. If the diameter of the two tubes is the same, a larger pipe should be added in the joint portion;The branch pipe is connected to the header, and the branch pipe head should be opened to the intersection and the header.㈣ strict test⒈ ⒈ 密 密 试 试 侧 侧 侧 侧 侧 侧 侧 侧 侧 侧 侧 侧 侧 侧 侧 侧 侧 侧 侧 侧 侧 侧 侧 侧 侧 侧 侧 侧 侧 侧 侧 侧;;;⒉ Vacuum test: When the remaining pressure in the system is less than 5.333 kPa (40 mmHg), it is maintained 24h, and the pressure in the system is not changed.⒊ ⒊ ⒊ Test. The test pressure was 0.2 MPa (surface pressure), and the system had no disclosure.Second, pipeline layout points⒈ Pipeline layout should strive to be reasonable and take care of the beautiful view.⒉ Pipeline plane intersect, or through the beam of the building, the board should be straight and cannot be bypass.⒊⒊ The deflection of various pipes should not be greater than 1/400.The low pressure pipeline segment exceeds 100m, and the compensation device should be employed when the high pressure pipeline line segment exceeds 50m.The pipeline should take corresponding measures when the pipelines pass through the settling seams of the building.The pipes inside the cooled room should be hanged on the beam plate, and the lifting should be embedded at the construction of civil construction.⒎ ⒎ The pipeline of the ammonia compressor should not be connected to the building structure.⒏ Various pipes are arranged on the bracket, the hanger, should be supplied under the liquid tube, and the ventilator is on, the heat of the heat is on the top or outside.The antihypertensive tubes such as tubing bucket, oil tank, and a non-condensable gas separator should be connected before the gas-liquid separation device.The hyperplate of the cream should be attached to the oil absorbing device.The suction pipe of the ammonia compressor, the exhaust pipe should be connected from the general tube.⒓ Connecting the ammonia compressors and equipment should have sufficient elbows that compensate for deformation.⒔ The installation slope and slope of various pipes can be done according to the table requirements.Third, the pipeline selectionAllow pressure drop and allows flow rates to be adopted in the table.Ammonia or ammonia gas generated in the conduit of the unit length frictional pressure drop RM can be checked from the book.The table on the book lists the equivalent length Le / DN ratios n of various valves and tube connectors. Le = n.dn (m)In:Le-equivalent length (m); N-equivalent length ratio LE / DN; DN-tube inner diameter (M);Hydraulic calculation steps:⒈ Place the equipment and its pipelines on the building flat section.⒉ ⒉ 表 表 表 表 表 推 表;;;;;;;;;;;;;⒊ Determine the most unfavorable loop according to different categories, and calculate the length L of the straight pipe section.⒋ Determine the local resistance type and number on the most unfavorable loop, and calculate the local resistance equivalent length Le.⒌ Calculate the most unfavorable loop total length σl = L + LE.⒍⒍ Take the diagram of the equivalent tube long friction pressure drop RM.⒎ Calculate the total resistance R = σl.rm of the loop.⒏⒏ Category Category Category The allowable pressure drop R 'of the pipeline.⒐ Comparison R and R '. If r ≤ r ', the primary tube is appropriate; if r> R'，按上述步骤重新选择管道直径。应说明：如果最不利的回路由多个不同的流量管段组成，则需要每个管部分的电阻，并且该线的总电阻是每个管道部分的电阻的总和。第四，阀门设计布局点⒈截止阀（1）角色：（2）安排点：1压缩机的吸力，阀门应另外加入排气管。2辅助设备通常用截止阀安装。3重力供应液体系统和氨泵供应液体经受上传系统，只要管道正确地，就不需要调节每组蒸发器的流速的截止阀。4阀门安装应进入流体的底部进入下部。手轮或手柄应该水平向上。5系统线上的截止阀，无法加载它。⒉膨胀阀（1）（2）布局点1对于高压液氨推进器：在重力供应液体供应系统中，膨胀阀附接到氨液分离器的入口管;在氨泵系统中，膨胀阀连接到低压循环储存器。液压管。2对于加热氨推进器：膨胀阀可以安装在热调节站的进气头上。安全阀安全阀的开口压力通常比气体密度测试为0.5巴。V.阀门的选择⒈⒈⒈型号⒉⒉⒉阀选（1）根据管道的内径选择截止阀的标称直径DN。（2）截止阀的标称压力可用于使用PG = 2.5MPa。（3）结构的形式通常由安装位置确定。阀杆上的外螺纹的氨流阀只能用于高压侧⒊手动膨胀阀选择：一般基于供电管的标称直径，您也可以参考某些设备制造商提供的参考数据。⒋浮动膨胀阀应根据设备制冷能力选择浮动球膨胀阀。⒌安全阀选择：（1）自动打开压力调制值：高压侧 - 1.25 MPa;低压侧-1.25 MPa。（2）标称直径选择：从容器存储器中选择标称直径。⒍氨压力表选择（1）压力表排列点（2）压力表规格和安装六，管道和设备是维护，绝缘⒈在制冷系统中，管道和设备的一部分导致冷损，以及冷凝水滴的部分和应控制冷桥的部分。管道和设备的设计，选择，结构和安全性应按??照当前国家标准的“设备和管道协注技术”（GB11790）和“设备和管道协会设计指南”GB / T15586进行。⒊⒊墙壁或地板上的冷却管道应采取相应的措施而不会中断冷却结构。⒋冷材料可用于耐火PVC / NBR橡胶发泡绝缘材料，聚氨酯泡沫，阻燃聚乙烯冷 - 冷却材料，聚乙烯泡沫，离心玻璃棉等。外部防潮层可以在冷 - 可以穿透空气的冷却材料，防潮层可以是铝箔或玻璃丝布外刷涂料。管道和设备的冷却厚度可以计算如下：在：TA - 空气干球温度计算最热门的恒温温度;TF-管道或制冷剂温度，°C;TS绝缘层的表面温度高于最热门月亮室外空气，°C的平均露点温度高约2°C;α-外表面是放热系数，通常为5.8W / m 2。 °C;λ冷热系数，w / m。 °C.δ-绝缘层厚度，m;D0-管或装置的外径，m。在工程设计中，您还可以使用图表并检查表格以确定冷却材料的厚度。⒎冷热应在制冷系统中充电，可以在真空格后构建。冷分配设备集成（霜冻）：除霜分为四种人工扫描霜，热氨基甲虫，水γ和热氨水和谐波。首先，热氨热固性霜的原理和操作⒉热氨气热氨融量不能大于压缩机排气量的1/3。铁氨铁压力不小于0.6MPa，不超过0.9MPa。一般设计中设定了油分离器。二，水旺⒈⒈⒈霜霜⒉⒉霜液压水的温度适于25℃，混奶油水的温度不应小于10℃，在混装置之前的游离水头不应小于5mH2O。⒊⒊⒊霜水在产品样品中规定了冷风扇霜水。罗斯特水延续每次1520分钟计算。排水管排水管直径通常不小于DN100，排水斜率不小于5％。还要注意以下几点：（1）引流管出口应密封。（2）当排水管通过制冷时，应封装绝缘层和防潮层。（3）排水管供水施加到净盖上。排水管和空气鼓风机的界面必须严格或更少保证。天花板型冷风扇具有相对较浅的风扇，并且易于生产排水。第三，热氨 - 水伽玛上述两种熔化方法组使用，首先用热氨使热交换器熔化，然后急于水，在停止水后，热量可以干燥热交换器的残余水分表面以避免剩余的水在热交换器的表面上冷冻并影响热传递。制冷系统的自动控制装置：1.自动控制组成和原理所有自动控制装置都由传感器（或发射器），稳压器（或控制器），执行器组成。该过程如下：2.计算机自动控制的组件和原理计算机在自动控制装置中的角色对应于上述“比较→稳压器”。计算机可以显示，存储数据，但自控设备添加“数字/模式转换器”。自动控制过程如下：数字/模拟转换器，也称为发射器，或A / D，D / A发射器。其作用是将模数转换为由计算机识别的数字信号并传输到计算机：转换计算机被转换成模拟的控制令（数字信号），并将其传输到执行器。工业控制要求可靠，以及它们可以在*和生活中控制，因此工业控制系统通常如下：3.自控组件的功能冷库的自控组件可分为六个类别：冷藏自控应用：冷库自动控制可分为仓库回路，氨泵电路和机房电路。无论自我控制的哪一部分必须遵守“冷冷设计规范”的规定。仓库循环：1.冷冻冷藏的自动控制环副温度控制方法：用恒温器控制液体供应阀;沉淀化的奶油控制：手动发光。2.冷冻储层温度和范围内容自控物质控制方法：时间和温度控制器控制供应阀和风扇。氨基胺控制：使用熔体霜程序控制器控制热胺阀，排水阀和水阀。3.冷却液冷藏空间和组自控副温度控制方法：用时间和恒温器控制液体供应阀和风扇。湿度控制方法：控制返回压力，稳定蒸发温度。氨基胺控制：使用熔体霜程序控制器控制热胺阀，排水阀和水阀。氨泵电路：氨泵应配备安全保护装置：氨泵应设有液体停止装置;应设定一个抵消，压力表应设定;应在排气管上提供旁路释放阀。本文来自互联网，HVAC社会。